ALFRED TENNYS N

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ALFRED TENNYSON

PhotoKraþh by
The London StereoscoPic Co.

\

\

TENNYSON

BY

G. K. CHESTERTON

AKD

l)R. RICHARD GARNET1", C.B.

WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS

LO
DON
HODDER AND STOUGHTON
27 PATERNOSTER RO\V
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

AI.FllED TI':xXYsOX

'1'HE BIWOK AT
(nIEHSR\'

Ax EARLY POHTIL\IT OF 'l\:xXysOX

O
n:HsnY Ih:(TOHY. LIXCOISsHlln: (where
\lfred Tennyson wa:o. born) .
L(WTH .

SO
I t-:HSßY lHnu'H.
A LFItFD TEXXYSOX (from the painting In' Samuel Laurenl"c)
TEXXYSOX's )loTHEH
HAl; EXDEUßY CHnU'H
AI.FUED TEXXYSOX, 1K3H
()I.D GILUDL\.R
CHOOI., LUCTH
AUTHCR H. IL-\LLA
[ (from the bust b\' Chantrey)
A LFHED 'l'J.:xxysOX (from HIP medallion In' Thomas "\>olner, H.Â.)
THE LADY OF SlUI.Orr.
THE P,U,M'E OF Åln'
AU'RED TEXXYSUX (from the bust b\" 'l'homas \Yoolncr, ItA.)
l\L-\RlAXA IX THE Sm'TH
8'roCKwoUTH )1[1.1..
Cu:n.:nox CHI'JU'H
GEUAIXT AXD EUYRX

Ix )h:
IURLU[ (" )lan dies: nor Is there hope III dust ")
Ix l\IE
[oULUI (.. Hing out, wild hells, to the wild sky")
LAny TEXXYSOX

IIORXCASTLE (the home of Emih' Sellwood).

PAGR

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1

3

4
4

5

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9
10
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13
14
14

15

16
17
18
19

IY

LIST ()F JLLl
STR-L-tTI()XS

Glu.snY CHnH'II
CHAPEL IIOI-SE, TWH'KE"IL\. \I (Tcnnyson \ first hOlllc aftcr his Jll1uTiagc)
ELAIXE.

ALFRED TEXXYSOX (lHü7)
ALFUEU TEXXYSOX (from a portrait 1)\' G. F. 'VaUs, Il.A., 183
))
ALFHEIJ TEXXYSOX (from the l"halk drawing hy :\1. Arnault)
.F.\.UIUXC;FOlW (Tennyson's rcsidcnl"C' at Frcshwah'r)
TEXXYSOX (ahout 1H71)
)!J.:RI.IX AXH YIHEX
}'.\.('SDIILE OF TEXXYSOX's ::\L\.X.-S(,HII'T, .. CUOSSIXC; THE B.\.H"
GL\.HE AT FAlmIxca:C)J{f) (frolll a watcr-l"olour drawing hy )Irs.
\llinghalll).
FR I':SHW ATEß .
}'u 1.:sHW .\.TEU HAY .
GnXEYEUE

ALFUEU TEXXYSOX
l.'I-SXY:o.ox\ LAXE, IL\.sLE:\IEuE
ALHWOHTH (Tcnnys(m's hOlue near IIa:o.lclllcrc)
'l'I-:xxysOX'S ::\IE:\IOUL\.L, HEA('ox lIlLI., FHFSHWATEU
ALFIU:U 'l'I-:xxysOX (from a portrait 1)\" G. F. 'Yatts, H.
\.)

PAGE

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35

TENNYSON

I T was lllerch- the
aeeident of his hour.
the call of his age, ,,-hieh
nuule Tennyson a philo-
sophie poet. II e 'YHS
naturally not only a pnre
lo,yer of beant
r. but a
pure lo,-er of beauty in a
nluch nlore peculiar and
distinguished sense e,-en
than a nlan like I
eats. or
a BULB like Itobert Bridges.
I [e ga,ye us scenelo) of
Xature that cannot easily
he surpassed, hut he ("hose
theln like a landscape
painter rather than like :1
religious poet. 1\hoye all.
he exhibited his abstract lo,-e of the beautiful in one Inost personal
and characteristic fact. He ,yas ne,-er
o
ucces
ful or so triulnphant
as ,yhen he Wa"i describing not Xature. but art. I [e could describe
:L statue as Shelley could describe a cloud. He ,yas at his ,-ery
best in describing buildings, in their blending of aspiration and
exactitude. He found to perfection the harIllony het,,-een the
rhytlullic recurrences of poetry and the rhytlullic recurrences of
architecture. His description, for eXaIllple, of the Palace of Art
ilo) a thing entirely ,-ictorious and unique. The ,yhole edifice, as

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TEXX\
S()X

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_\X EARLY
PORTR.-\IT Of.
TENXYSOX

Rischgitz Collection

described. rIses as lightly as a lyrie. it is full of the "urge of the
hunger tor beauty: and yet a BUlB lllight ahl1ust build upon the
deseription as upon the plan,; of an arc'hiteet ur the instruetiolls
of a speculatiye builder. Such a lo,-er of beauty was Tennyson.
:1 lo,"er of beauty I1l0:o,t e!-'peeially ,,-here it is I1lost to be found. in
the ,vorks of Ulan. I Ie loyed heauty in its l'Olllpleteness, as we
find it in art, not in itloj lllore glorious incolupleteness as ,ve

TEXXYS()X

s

find it in Xature. There i
. perhaps. nlore loyelines"t in Xature
than in art, but there are not so lllany lo\'ely things. The
lo,-eliness is broken to pieces and
eattered: the ahnond tree in
hlossonl will lun-e a nloh of naIneless insects at its root. and the
nlost pcrfeet eell in the great forest-hou
e i
likely enough to
snIell like a se,,'er. Tennyson lo,-ed beauty Inore in its collected
forBl in art. poetry. and sculpture: like his o,,'n .. r .Jady of Shalott."
it wa
his offiec to look rather at the lllirror tlwn at the ohjeet.
lIe "'as an artist, a
it ,,'ere. at two renl0\-e
: he was a
pleHdid
ÏInitator of the
plendid inlitations. I t i
true that hi
natural
history was exquisitely exact. hut natural hi"itory and natural

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\Vhere -\Ifred Tennyson ",as born, on Sunday, _-\ugust 6th, 1809

religion are things
that ('an he. under
certain circunlstances,
n10re unnatural than
anything in the ,,'orld.
In reading Tennyson's
natural deseriptions
"-e neYer seen} to be
In physic.al contad
_ with the earth. \ \T e
learn nothing of the
eoarse good - teillper
and rank energy of
lite. ,\,.- e see the
,,-hule
eelle aecurately, but "-e see it through glass. In Tennyson's
,vorks "-e see X ature indeed, and hear X ature, but we do not sillell it.
But this poet of beauty and a eertain luagnificent idlenes

Ii, ed at a tillle "'hen all lHen had to "Testle and decide. I t is not
easy tor allY person ,,-ho li,-es in onr titHe, ,,-hen the dust has settled
and the
piritual
perspecti ,-e has been
l'estored, to realise
what the entrance
uf the idea of e,-oIu-
tion Illeant fen. the
lHen of those days.
To us it is a disco,-ery
of another link in a
ehain ,,'hieh, howe,-er
far ,,-e füllo,v it, still
stretches hal'k into a
di,-ine luystery. To

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IERSBY CHURCH

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_-\LFRED
TEXXYSON

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From the þaÙltÙlg by
Samuel Laurcllce

"

Rischgitz Collection

I
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l11any of the nlen of that tilne it ,,"ould appear ii'OIIl their
\\Titings that it was the heart-hreaking and de
olatillg dis('{n-ery
of the end and origin of the chain. To thenl had happened
the luost black and hopele

catastrophe eonceinLhle to hunuuI
nature: they had found a logical explanation of all things. To
theln it
eelned that an ___-\pe had
uddenly risen to gigantic stature
and de
troyed the se'"en he:l\-ens. It i
diÆcult, no doubt, for us

TExx\rSON

()

in sOlne,,'hat subtler days to understand
ho,,, anybody could suppose that the
origin of species had anything to do
wi th the origin of being. Tu us it
appears that to tell a nUlll ,,'ho asks
who nUlde his Jllind that e,-olution
lllade it, is like telling a IHan ,,'ho
asks ,,'ho rolled a cab-,,'heel o,-er his
leg that re,-olution rolled it. To state
the process is seareely to state the
agent. Hut the position of those ,dlO
regarded the opening of the "De';l'ent
of .:\Ian ., as the opening of one of th

seals of the last' days, is a great deal
sounder than people ha,-e generalJy
allu\\ ed. It has heen constantly
supposed that they "-ere angry
with I)arwillislll hecause it
appeared to do sOlnethillg or
other to the Book of Genesis

hut this ,,-as a pretext or a f:ul('Y.
They fUlldalnentally rebelled
against 1 )arwinisHl. not hecause
they had a fear that it would
affcet Seripture. hut heeau,;e
they had a fear, 110t altogether
unreasonahle or ill-t<HI11ded. that-
it ,,'ould affe('t lllorality. .:\Ian
II had heen engaged. through jll-
j nunlerahle ages, in a struggle
with ,;in. The eyil ,,-ithin hÏ1n
was a
strong as he could cope

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BAG EXDERbY CHURCH

,,'ith -it was as po"yerful as a cannonade
and as enchanting as a song. Hut in this
struggle he had ahnlYs had Xature on his side.
He Inight he polluted and agonised. but the
flowers ,,'ere innocent and the hillloj were
strong. .All the arlllOury of life.
the spears of the pine wood and
the batteries of the lightning, ,vent
into hattle he')ide hiBl. TennY
on
li,-ed In the hour "yhen. to all
nlortal appearance. the whole of
the physieal ,,'orld de-
serted to the de,-il. The
uIli,-crse. goyerned hy
,-iolence and death. left
luan to fight alone. ,,'ith
a handful of Illyths and
nlenlorlCS. .:\Ien had BO\\.
to ,nllulcr 111 polluted
fields and lift up their
e,'es to ahol11inahle hill
.
They had to arlH thenl-
scl ,yes again
t the eruelty
of flowers and the erÏIlles
of the grass. The first
honour,
OLD GRA:\IM.\R
surely. is to SCHOOL, LOl.'TH
tho,;e ,,'ho
did Bot t
lÏllt
in the t
Lee
of that eOI1-
founding

Theoriginal building,
now no longer ill
e"istence, \\ here
Tennyson \\as
ent
to school at the
age of se\"en
(Reproduced from
"The Laureate's
Country," by ki!lrl
permission of
l\Iessrs. Seeley &
Co., Ltd.)

TEXX\TS()X

.-\LFRED
TEN
YSON,
IB3B
From an early
Daguerreotype
(Reproduced
from" Tennyson:
a :\Iemoir," by
kind permi"sion
of l\I css rs.
Macmillan & Co., L
Ltd.)

7

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Engrapcd lry G. J. Slol!.lrt

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From a drawing by E. Illlll

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8

TEXX\
S()X

eo,;u1Ïc hetrayal
to those ,dlo
sought and found a ne,,' ,-antage-
ground for the arnlY of 'Tirtue.
()f the
e was Tennyson. and it
is surely the nlore to his honour.
"iillee he "'as the idle lo,-er of
beauty of ,d101n "'e lHn
e spoken.
Ire fclt that the tÏIne called hinl
to he an interpreter. Perhaps
he illight e,-en ha'
e been sonle-
thing nlore of a poet if he had
not "iought to be "ioluething
Illore than a poet. l-Ie nlight
Iun'e "Titten a nlore perfeet
.L\rthurian epie if his heart had
been H!-t ulueh buried in pre-
historie sepulchres as the heart
of l\Ir. "T. B. \r eats. He Inight
Iun'e Illade luore of sueh poenls
as .. The C;olden '
ear" if his
luind had been as clean of III eta-
physics and as full of a poetie
rusticity as the u1Ïnd of \ \"ïllialll
l\lorris. He Inight haye been
a greater poet if he had been
less a Ulan of hi"i dubious and nnllbling age. But there are SOUle
things that are greater than greatness
there are SOllle things that IlO
Ulall ,,'ith hlood in his body ,,'ouid sell t<.)r the throne of l)ante, and
one of thelll is to fire the feehlest shot in a 'war that really await

deeision, or earry the Ineanest lllusket in an arIny that is really
umrehillg by. TennY"ion may e,-en ha"e forfeited Ünulortality: but he
and the Inen of his age ,"ere III ore than inunortal; they ,,'ere alh'e.

"

From the bust by Chantrey
ARTHUR H. H.-\LLUI

(Rt:produced from Hallam's" Remains," by kind
permission of
Ir. John Murray)

TEXX\TSOX

n

TennY"ion had not a
peeial talent for heillg a philo"iophie poet,
hut he had a
peeial \'oeation fÖr being a philosophie poet. This
nlay
eenl a eontradietion. but it is only heeause' all the Latin or
(;reek ,,'ords "'e use tend endles"ily to lose their Hleaning. .A
,'ocation is supposed to Illean nlerely a taste or faeulty. just as
eeonOl11Y is held to nlean Illerely the act of s
l\.ing. Econoluy
l11eans the nlanagenlcnt of a hou
e or ('onlnlunity. I f a nULn
shUTes his best horse. or causes hi"i best worklllan to strike for
1l10rè pay. he is not lnerely unwi,;e. he is uneconon1Ïcal. So it is
with a yocation. If this euuntry "'ere "uddenly innuled by "olne
huge alien and conquering populatioll. we "hould all he ealled
t 0 bee 0 III e
soldiers. \\T e
should not think
In that tinlc
that ,,'e ,,'ere

sacrificing 0 u l'
unfinished "'ork
on Cattle-Feed-
ing or our hobhy
of fi'ebn>rk, our
hrilliallt career
at the Bar ur
our taste ifJr
painting' in
,,'ëlÌer - colours.
"'" e "hould all
ha ,'e a eall to
a rin s . '\'" e
should, ho\ve,'er,
hy 110 lneans
agree that "'e

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ALFRED TE
NYSO

(Reproùuced from" Tennyson's Poems." hy kind permi"sion of
Messrs,
Iacmil\an &: Co., Ltd.)

10

TEXXYS()X

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I

THE LADY OF
SHALOTT

From a drawing by
II" I/olman HUllt

(Reproduced from
"Tenny>on's Poems,"
by kind permission of
1\1 es"rs. 1\1 acmillan & Co.,
Ltd.)

all had a ,'oeation for arnlS. \,.- et a ,'ocatiou IS only the [
atin tor
a call.
In a celebrated passage in 'J- :\Iaud," Tennyson praised the
l110ral efleets of war, Hud declared that SOI11e great eonfliet lnight
call out the greatnes
e,'en of the paeific s,,'indlers and sweater

,,'hOl11 he 'ia'" around hinl in the Conllnercial age. He dremned,
he said, that if-
. . . The hattIe-bolt san
from the three-de('ker out on the foam,
.:\lan
a smooth-ta('cd. sllub-nosed rogUt' would lcap frolll his ('ounter
or till,
And strike, were it hut with his ('heatin
yard-wand, hOlllc.
Tennyson li,-ed in the tÜne of a conflict Ulore crucial and fi"ightful

TExx\rS():\T

11

.1
j I

THE PALACE OF
.-\RT

From a dra7l'Ùzg by
Dante Gabriel Rossetti

(Reproduced from
.. Tennyson's Poems,"
by kind permission of
:\Iessrs. :\Iacmillan & Co.,
Ltd.)

I
j 1

than any European struggle. the eonfliet bet,veen the apparent
artificiality of nlorals and the apparent iUllnorality of science. A
ship nlore synIbolic and Inenaeing than any foreign three-deeker
ho,ye in "tight in that tinle- - the great. gory pirate-ship of Xature.
challenging all the ci ,-ilisations of the ,,'orId. 1\nd his suprelne
honour is this, that he belunoed like his o'vn Î1naginary snub-nosed
rogue. His honour is that in that hour he despised the flowers
and eluhroideries of Keats as the counter-junIper n1Îght despise his
tares and eottons. He ,vas by nature a hedonistic and pastoral
poet, but he leapt froln his poetic eounter and till and struck, "'ere
it but "rith his gilnerack Inandolin. honle.

I:!

TRXXY"SOX

z

Tenny
oll's influence
on poetJoy lnay. f(w a
tÏIlle, he lllodified. This
is the fhte of e,-ery Ulan
,,,ho thro".s hilllself into
his own age. eatehe,,; the
eeho of its tenlporary
phrases. is kept busy in
battling ".ith it
te1l1-
porary delusions. There
are nUlny n1en ,dlonl
history has f(n O a tÌJne for-
gotten to ,,,honl it o".e

U10rc than it could count.
But if Tennyson is extin-
guished it ,,-ill be ,,-ith
the nlO'jt glorious extinc-
tion. There are t,,-o
,,-ays in ,dlÌeh a Ulall
1l1ay ,-anish - through
heing thoroughly con-
quered or through being
thorougl1lythe Conqueror.
I n the 1l1ain the great
lJroad Chureh philosophy
,,,hich Tennyson uttered ha
been adopted by e,-ery one. This ".ill
n1ake against his faIlle. }'or a lHan nlay yanish as Chaos ,-anished
ill tl1(' thee of ereation, or he lllay yanish as (;od '.ani
hed in filling
all things ,,-ith that ereated life.

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"

ALFRED TEN
YSON

A marble bust, copied by 1\Iiss Grant from the original, "culptured
from life in 1857 by Thomas \Voolner, R..-\.

Rischgitz Collection

G. ]{. CHESTEUTOX.

TENNYSON
AS AN INTELLECTUAL FORCE

] T is easy to exaggerate. and equally easy to underrate, the
influence of TennysoIl OIl his age as an intelleetual ton
e. It
will he exaggerated if we regard hilll as a great original nlind. a
prodailHer or re,-ealer of no'"el truth. I t will be underrated if we
o,"erlook the great part reselTed for hinl ".110 re,-eals. not new
truth to the age. but tlte age to it..,elf. hy pre
ellting it .with a

1\1 \RL\X.\ IX THE
soerH

F1011l a drawillg toy
]1a'lfe Gabriel Rossetti

(Reproduced from
"Tenn}son'
Poems,"
by
inrl permi

ion of
:\It:

rs. 1\Iacmillan &. Co.,
Ltd.)

13

2

Ininiature of its own
highest. and freq uently
unconselous. tcndcJl-
cles and aspiratious.
X ot I )ryden or Pope
were )}}()rc intinwteh r
associated with their
respeeti,"e ages than
Tennyson with tlwt
hrilliant period to
whieh we now look
haek as the age of
'Tietoria. 1 I is figure
eannot. indeed. be so dOlllinant as theirs. The \Tietoriau era was
far IHore affluent in literary geni us than the periods of I)rydcn and
Pope
and Tennyson appears as hut one of a splendid group. sonle
of whonl surpass hilll in nati,"e f'ore(' of ulind and intellcctual
clldowlliellt. BlIt wheJl we JlleaSUre thl'
t' illustrious nlen ,,"ith the
spirit of their age. we
percei ,'e that - ,,'ith
the execptiou of
] )iekens. who paints
the IlUlnners rather
than the Blind of the
titue. and .:\Iaeaulay.
who reproduces its
a'-erage but not its
higher 11100d - there
IS sOlllcthillg as it
,,-ere
eetarian HI

1-1<

TEXX\TS()X

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STOCKWORTH .\IlLL

(Reproduced from" The Homes' and H.mnts of Alfred, Lord Tennyson," by kind
pennission of :\Ir. George t;. Xapier and !\Iessrs. Jame
l\I.ldehose &: Sons)

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CHl"RCH
\\'here the remains of . \rthur Hallam were finally laid to re
t on
January 3nl, 1834
(Reproduced from" The Homes and Haunts of .\Ifred, Lurd Tennyson," by kind
permissiun uf !\Ir. Geurge G. X apier and :\Iessrs. James :\ladchuse & Sun,,)

thenl ,yhieh pre'"cnt

their being aecepted

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as Carlyle and
Brownillg- al1d
Thaekeray. thc
eau
e nlaY he an
exeeptiollal original-
ity ,'crg-ing" upon
c['celltri('ity; ill
others. like (
eorge
]1:liot. it ntHy he
allcgiaIl{,c to SOIUC
partieular SChellle of
thought: in others.
like It uskill and
l\latthew .Arnold.
exelusi "C de,'otion
to SOlllC particular
1l11

lon. In TCllIlY-
son. and III hilll
alone. we find the
]uan who {'al1l1ot be
identified with any
Olle of the lllany
tendcncies of the
age. hut has afJini-
tic
with all. .Ask
for the ('Olllpositioll
,,'hich of all eontenl]>orary C"Olupositiolls hears the \"ietorian staIn))
nlost Ulllllistakahly, ,,'hieh tells us IHost respe{'tillg the age's thoughts

IG

TEXX'-SC)X

From a dra7(1Ùlg by A. Garth jOJIL'S

IX l\lE;\IORL\l\f

.. ;\Ian die
: nor b there hope in du"t"

(Reproduced from the CaJ\.ton Serie" Edition of Tenny!'on's .. In :\Iemoriam,"
by kind permi""ion of ì\I e!'sr". (;eorge N ewnes, Ltd.)

as repre
entati ,'es uf
their epoeh in thc
fullest sense. In
sonle ill
tanee
. sueh

hcsitatioJl in natHing
.. ]
o('ksley IIall.'.
'I\'Jlnyson re-
turns to his tillles
what he has rCt"ci'-ed
fl'Olll thenl. but in all
exquisitely ('Ill bel-
lished and purified
('ondition: he is the
Inirrol" in ",hic'h thc
age eontenlplatcs all
that i
best ill itself:
)Jatthew.l\I"J)old
would perhap') not
ha,'c been wrong ill
dceJining to re('og-
nise Tellnysoll as
.. a grcat and po,,-er-
ful spirit" if
.. power" had heen
the indispensable
eondition of .. OTC:1t-
M
ne
s ": but he forgot
thai thc re('cpti,'e
poet UlUY he :1")
potcnt a!o, the
crcati ,-e. J I is ea \" i I
11light ,,-ith cqual
propriety ha,'e been aillled
rests UpOll a sel'urer basis

re
pe('ting it..,elf. and
there will he little

TEXXYS()X

]7

Ac;l

From a drll7,'ing toy -1. C"arth /{1llt'S

1:-': l\1E\IORL\1\I

.. Ring out, wild bel]", to the \\ iJd
ky"
(Reproduced from the Caxton Series Edition of Tenlly
oll'
.. III :\lemori,IlIl,"
by kind permission of ;\Ie
srs. George, Ne\\ne", Ltd.)

at \Tirgil. In truth. Telluy,;oll 's f
lI11C
than that of SOlne greater poets. for

111 l
:llgIand.
\ \That (;eorge
..? \' Eliot and.. \ 11-
thouy '1'1'01-
lope are f<)r
the lllanncrs
of the period.
11(' is for its
lllind: all the
idca
\\'hieh
In his day
chicH y ll)oycd
t 11 eel e e t
spirits of
EngIi
h so-
eiety are to
he t<HInd in
hilll. e10thcd
in the lllost exquisite language. alld cillhodied in the 1110st COllsullllllate
fortH. That thcy did not originate ,yith hilll is of no ("onscquellee
,dmte,-er. \\T e eaJlnot eonsider hinl. regarded nH..'J"ely as a poet. as
quite UPOIl the le\'cl of his grcat illllllediate predceessors: hu1 the
total disappearanec of any of' these, ex('ept '\T ord
,,'orth. would
leaye a less painful h]ank In our intellectual hi"tOJ'Y than the
disappearance of Tcnlly
on.

18

TEXX'
S()X

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From

the þortrait at _lldwortlt by G. F. 1Vat/x, R._-l.

L.-\TJ\' TEN
\'SOX

';1

I
;' / '
if
l'

acquaiJltmlce
with hilll will
al ways he iJl-
di
pellsahI

to the history
of thought
and eulturf'

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f.
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o/.}
. :1

TEXX'
SOX

IH

.
k-

FUIIIl a t{rtl'i:(.illg by E. Hllll

HORKC.\STLE

The home of Emily Sellwood, afterwardo; Lady Tennyson
(Reproduced from "The Laureate'" Countr}," by kind permission of Messrs. Seeky &: Co., Ltd.)

Beginning. e,-en in his erudest attenlpts. with a nlanner di,;-
tinetly hi,; own. he attained a style ,dlÏeh ('ould be nlistaken for
. that of no prcdeeessor (though nlost euriously antieipated hy a few
blank-,-erse lines of ,\rillianl Blake). and whieh no in1Ïtator has
been ahle to ri,-al. "That is lIlost truh r relnarkahle is that while
nlueh of his poetry is perhaps the nlost artitieial in eonstruetion of
any in our language. and nluch again "-ears the aspect of bird-like
spontaneity. the
e contrasted 11lanners e,-idently proeeed frOlll the
saBle writer. and 110 onf' would think of aserihing thenl to different
hands. .As a lllaster of blank ,Terse Tennyson, though perhaps not fully
attaining the s"-eetnes
of Coleridge or the occasional grandeur of
'\
onI-;worth and Shelley. is upon the whole the third in our language
after Shakespeare and :\Iilton, and. unlike Shakespeare and :\1 ilton. he
ha,; Blade it difficult f()r his successors to "Tite blank ,Terse aftcr hill\

'Tcnnyson IS cs-
sentiall y a ("o))lpositc
poet. ] )rydcn's f:lJnou

,rcrscs, grand in ex-
pression. hut question-
ahle in their appliea-
tion to 1\1 iltoll. are
perfeetly appli('ahle
to hinl ; sa\'e that. in
Illakin,Q' hinl. X ature
did not eOlll hi nc two
poets. hut ulany.
This IS a eOnlJllOn
phcn0111enon at the ('lose of a great epoch; it is ahnost peculiar to
Telln
'soll's age that it should thell h:1\.e heralded the appearance
of a ncw era: and that. sinlultancously with the inheritor of the
pa
t. perhaps the nlO"it original and sclf-sutfi('ing of all poets should
IUl\"c appeared in the per"ion of Hohert Browning. 1\ (,OIllparison
betwcell these illustriou
writers "rould lead U"i too f:ll'; ,,'e lltl\"c
already inlplied that
Tellnyson occupies the
Hlore ('onspi('uolls place
in literary history 011
account of his repre-
serltati,'c ehara('ter.
The nrst irllport-
ant reeognitioll of
T e Jl n y son's g e 11 i lJ

('alne fronl Stuart 1\1 i II.
.
who. partly perhaps
under the guidance of
1\lrs. Taylor, e,"ineed

20

TExx\rs()x

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1-10111 a photo ill the possession of the E"p. A. II". U'orI.:1IIall, /"icar of Cra.,by

(;RASHY CHURCH

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CH.\PEL HOUSE, TWICKENHA \I
Tennyson's first settled home after hb marriage
Rischgit/ Collection

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From a dra<<'iJlg by Gustave Don'

EL.-\l
E
tReproduced from" Illustrations to Tennyson's 'Idylls of the King,' ,. Ly kind permission of :\Iessr
.
Ward, Lock &. Co.)

I

2:?

TEXX\?S()"X

ahout 183.3 a reluarkahle
insight into Shelley and
Brownillg a
,,-ell as
Tennyson. In thf' course
of his obselTations he de-
dared that all t hat Tenny-
son needed to he a great
poet "'as a ,,;y,,;teI11 of
philosophy. to ,,-hi('h Tinle
,n)uld certainly conduct
hinl. I f he only Bleant
that Tenny
on needed

. the years that hring the
philosophie ulind:' the
ohscrnttion "'as entirely
just
if he expected the
poet either to en)h-e a
systenl of philosophy for
hinl
elf or to fhl1 under
the s,yay of sonle great
thinker, he was IHistaken.
Ilad Tenny,,;oll done either
he Inight have been a
very great alld ,.cry inter-
esting poet
hut he e'Ould not IUl\-e heen the poet of his age: for
the tenlper of the tilue. ,,-hcn it "'as not ,-iolently partisan. "'as
liherally eeleetic. There "'as llO one great leading idea. such as
that of en)lution in the last quarter of last century. so alHple
and
o characteristic of the age that a poet luight heeOllle its
diseiple without yielding to party ,,,hat ,,-as nleant for Blankind.
Two chief currents of thought there were: hut they were antag-
onistic. e,.en though l\I r. (; ladstone has pr()\'ed that a yery

From a þh"tograþll ill 1867 f,J' .}! n. J ItÜa .}! argarct Ca merOIl

.\LFRED TENNYSON

(Reproduced hy permission uf :\Ir. J. Cas wall Smith)

TEXX\TS()X

H

exceptional Blind nlight
find roonl for hoth.
:\TothiJlg "'as Ulore char-
aeteristic of the :lg'(' thaJl
the reactioJl towards
nlediR'nd ideas. head cd by
X e"'Blan. exccpt thc rinll
aJld seeJlliJlgly ]Jl('OJll-
patihlf' gospel of .. the
railway aud the ste:lnl-
ship ,. aJld all their eorol-
Jaries. It eanJlot be said
that TeJlnyson. like
(; ladstone. found equal
rOOln f()r hoth ideals iJl
his IlliJld, for until old
age had nlade hinl I1li
-
trustful and <luerulous he
"'as esseJltially a nlaU of
progress. But his choice
of the .Arthurian legend <-
for what he' inteJlded to
he hi,,; ehief 'H)rk. and the
seJltilneJlt of nlany of his
nlost heautiful nlinor pOel1ls. show what attraetion the nledi
l"'al
spirit also possessed f()r hinl; Jlor. if he was to 1)(' in truth the
poetical representati,'e of his period. eould it haye been otherwise.
I I e is not, IH)1ye,'er. like (; ladstone. alternately a ]}lcdia'\'al and a
IHodern Ulan: hut he uses nledi
l"'al seJlti]}}cllt with exquisite
judgnlent to 111 ell 0 '" ,,'hat nlay appcar harsh or ('rude in the ne\\.
ideas of political rcfornl. difthsion of cduc:ltioJl, J1leeh:lJlic:l1 ill\'cJl-
tioJl. free trade, aJld eoloni:ll expaJl,,;ion. The' Ïctori:lu. in f
lCt,

1""(1/1/ tltc þ(lrtrait Ùz tlzc þ(lssaslmz (lí Lady flatlY.!)(I/l/osd,
þaiJlit'd by C. j': 1ratts, /l.A., Ùz 1859

.\LFRED TEN
YSO

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Fnl/ll the elia/I.: dra
L'ing !>y /If A rnau/t in the .Yationat l'tJrtr,lzt (;a//o y
ALFRED TEXXYSON
H.ischgit7 Collection

24

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From a þhoto b" ftlessrs. F. Frith &- Co., Reigate
F_-\.RRI
GFORD

Tenn)son's re!>idence at Fre!>hwater

finds hitn"eJf nearly in the position of' the Elizahl'than. who also
had a future and a past: and. exccpt in hi,,; own. there i" JlO age
in which Tl'nny
on would IUl\'e felt hinl
clf' I 11 ore at hOI11e than in
the age of Elizaheth. Ill' does. indl'cd. iJl ..
Iaud" reaet ,'ery
,'igorou!"'ly against certain tendeneics of the age which he disliked:
hut this i!"' not in the interc!",t of the IHeditl'nll or an\" other order
of ideas inc0111patihle ,,-ith the fulle'\t de\TlopJllent of the nine-
teenth century. I f the utterance here appears passionate. it Blust
he renlelllhered that the puet writes as a conlhatant. \\rhen he
('on!",tructs. there i!"' nothing" l110re characteristic of hinl than his
sanity. The \'iews on fen tall' education propounded in ., The
Princcss" are so sound that good
eJlSC has ,;upplied the place of
the spirit of prophl'ey. whic'h did not tahcrnaeJe ,,-ith Tenny!"'OIl.
,. In ':\!enH)rimll" IS a nlo,,;t perfeet expression of the a,'erag<'
theological tenlpcr of J.:nglanù in the niJlctcenth century. ..,A s
ill l'oinpusition, su In spirit. Tennyson's 'writings IUl\"e aU the

:?f)

'l'EXX\
S()X

ad nultage... and all
the di
a(h-alltage", of
the golden IHean.
Ih
,-irtue of thi

golden IBean Ten-
n ,-...on renlailled at
an equal di
tance
frOln re,-olution and
re<lctiun in hi.... idea.....
and equally reHate
fronl extnn-aganl"e
and in...ipidity ill hi...
'Hwk. He i... e\-
sentialh" a nlan of
the new titue: he
begin... hi... C<lrecr
\teeped in the in-
tluenec of Shelle,r
and ]
eat.... without
wholll he ,,"ould
ne,"er ha,-e attained
rDm. IuJ D "J
'Ir$. .I1J1/ia I/argar
(am r<711
1 F););Y
O
(\
T 1 71) the height he did-
,Repruduced b peT"'IJ" >n of
Ir" J. C." II
mith) a height ne'-erthe-
le

. in uur opinion. appreeiahly helow their.... if he i
regarded

inlply a
H poet. But he i... H poet and luuch el
e: he i
the
interpreter of the \
ietoriHn era - tir
tly to it
elf. ...eeondly to the
age
to cOlne. Had e\ en any poet of greater geniu
than hÏIu
elf
ari
en in hi
own day. whieh did not happen. he would ...till IUl\-e
renlaiued the national poet of the titue in \-irtue of hi
llni,"er.,ality.

onle per...onal friend
spklldidc /JICIId.ICls- -Iun-e hHiled hinl a
our
greate
t poet ...inee Shake"'peare. Thi... i... ah"'llrd: hut it i
true
that no uther poet
inee Shake\pcarc ha
produced a body uf

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e,-ery 1l10Ye-
IllC'nt of the
ill tell e e t u a I
litè> of the

L_
.. period. IT ad
:
his III {' 11 t a I
balance been
less aecu}'-
atdy poised.
h e ]11 i g h t
h a ,. e b (' e n
the laureate
of a party.
but he ("ould
11 0 t h a ,. ('
been the
I a 11 I' cat e uf
the nation.
-'- \s an intel-
lectual furce
he I!',. we
think, des-
tined to he powerful and durahle. heeau,,;e the eharnl of his poetry
will always keep his ideas hefore the popular ulind: and these

2H

TRXXYS()X

IJ." /JQ4.

f

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W '7U- cI..un u.tJ., Þ 1'>z,e.

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rAHA-

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.\ F.\CSL\lILE OF TE
NYSOX'S M.\XUSCRIPT, "CROSSIK(-; TIlE lUR"

(Rt:proùuc
d from" Tenn)'!>on: \ l\It:moir;' hy kind pt:rmi!>!>ioll of
l\Ie
srs. :\Iacmillan K Co., Ltù.)

poctry,,-hi("h
('(HUeS so near
to satisfying-
all ta.,te
.
ree 0 n e i I i n g-
all tcndcn-
e]es. a]I(1
reg i s t e r i ] I g

the cOllceptioll of
Freedolll a.., sOJnething'
that .. hroadens down.
frOIIl precedent tu prc-
cedellt ..: ,'cncratiol1
for .. the Throne Ull-
shaken stilL"
o long a.., it continuc...; .. broad-hased
wilL" which will always he the case so long as

ideas will always he
congenial to the solid.
practical. rohust. and
yet tell d era n d
en}()tional lHind of
England. They lllaY
he bricfiy defined as
the recognition of thc
associatioll of ("011-
tinuity with nllltahilit
.
jn hunwn in,,;titutiolls :
the utnlost re,-ercncc
for thc ra-..t cOJnhined
with the fulì mal not
regretful a dill i..,.., ion
that -

The old order clumges,
gi, ing placl' to ne\\",
Awl (
od fulfils Himself

In man, wa 'os:

TEXXYS()X

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Fr01lt a 'il'at.r-COI{111r dra7(.ing by .J/rs. .rllltnglla1lt

THF. GL\DE .\1' F \RRI
GFORD

(Reproùuced by k1l1ù permi
sion of the .-\rtist)

upon the People's

Stateslllell at the Coullcil llleet
\Yho klHm the seaSOlls.

Philosophically and theologically, Tellnyson is e'"en Illure eOI1-

pi('uou..,ly the representati,'e of thc a,'crage }:nglish Iuilld of his
:3

da
'. X ot that he j"
a fu"iou of conflicting
tcndeneies. hut that
he oeeupies a ('cntral
position. equall
' rc-
lliote fl'Olll the ex-
cesses of scepticisnl
and the ex('cssC" of
d e ,- 0 t ion . T his
positioll he is ahle to
fill fi'on) his relation
to Coleridge. the great
exponent of the i.'Ùf
media: not. as in tcu'ulei' days. beh,'ecn Protestantislll and HOlllan-
iSJu. but between orthodoxy and ti'ee thought. Tennyson canJlot.
indeed. he tenlled Coleridge's iutellectual heir. As êI thinker
he is far belo"r hi') predecessor. and ahllost den>id of originality;
but as a puet he tills up the Jueasure of ,,'hat "'as lacking in
Coleridge. ,,'hose season of speeulation hardly arri,'ed until the
seasun of poctr
r was
!
past. Tcnnyson "-as
hut one of a band of
auditors - it Jllig-ht be
too ulueh to call thel1l
di,;ciplcs -of the sage
,,'ho. ('Ilriollsh r enough,
had hinlself been a
Caluhridge nlHn. and
,,'ho. short and un-
')atisf
tctory as had
been his residence at
that seat uf learning.

:30

l'EXX)
S( )X

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From a þlloto by Jlcssrs. F. F
itll & Co., Reigate

FRESH\L\TER

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From a þllOto by Jlessrs. F. Fritli & Co. Rdgate

FRESH\L\TER BAY

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From a draztJÙzg by Gus/m'c Doré

GUI
EVERE
(Reproduced from the" Illustrations to T t:nny
on's . Idylls of the King,'" by kind permis
ion of
:\Iessrs. \\"anl, Lock & Co.)
3 1

I
II

II

'" I\c,

From a þlzoto ry Barrnud

_-\LFRED TE
XYSO

)2

")eellled to hayc left
hehind hini
onle in-
yi"iihle influen('e des-
tined to gerIllinatc ill
dut' tinie. for all hi"i
lllost distinp.'uished
f()llowers were Can-
tah",. Such another
sehool. only laeking a
poet. had flouri ,hed at
C
lln h rid g e i nth c
seycJtteenth ecntur . \y.
From a pIlato by the (;raþlwlcJJle (0.
and now eaJlle up TEXXYSOX'S L.-\NE, HASLEl\IERE
again like long-huried seeds in a nc\dy di",turhed soil. The precise
yalue of their idea"i lllay always he Jllatter f()l' discussion; but
they exerted without douht a happy influence by

TEXX\TSOX

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TUl'l1i Il
to S('OI'll with lips <Ii ,-j Ill'
The falsl'hood of l''\.tn'lIll'S.

pr<n-i ding re ligi 0 u s
nlÏnds re,-erent of thf'
past \\Tith an altern a-
tiye to nicre Illedi-
a'yalisni. and gently
curhing Seienee in the
charaeter she sOJnc-
tÏ1ne'Ì as"ilHne"i of .. a
wild Palla\; of thc
brain." ""hen the
natural nloodincs
of
Tennyson"s tenipera-
lnent is considered, the

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f\ffffl1l Un
-;:::::::::--
1111 I
!III

From a photo by tILt: Craplwtollt! Co.
ALDWORTH

1";nny
on
home near Haslemere

34

TEXX\TS()X

preyalent optillli
nl of his ideas, hoth
as rcgards the indi,'idual and the
State, appear"i infinitely creditable to
hil11. The
t' art' ideas natural to
sane and reflceting EnglisllJnell. nl1-
ehallenged in quiet tilues, but ,,'hic'h
luay be obscured or oyerwhehned in
seasons of great popular exeiteluent.
The inteHcetual force of Tennyson is
perhaps chiefly sho,,'n in the art and
attra('tiyeness with whieh they are
set forth: e\'en HIU('h that Illight
ha\'e appeared tmne or prosai(' is
ÏJl\-ested with all the ehanns of
inlaginatioll. and ('OH111lends itself to
the poet equally with the "itatesnuul.
Tenn YSOH is not the greatest of poets,
hut appreeiation of hi
poenls is one
of the surest eriteria of poetieal
taste
he is not one of the greatest
of thinkers. hut agreelnent ,,'ith his
geJlera] east of thought is an excel-
lent proof of sanity: nHlny "iingers
]ul\'e been Blore l)elphic in their
inspiration. but few, hy nlaxinl
of telnperate ,,-isdolll, haye pro\'ided
their natiyc land ,,"ith
lIch a Palladianl.

')t.

.

.

From a þhoto by Jlcssrs. F. Frith & Co.,
R cigatc
TEN
TSO
'S :\IK\IOR L\L, BEACON
HILL, FRESHWATER

HI(,IL\HD (;.\HXETT.

B [ () G H .. \ P II I C .i \ L X () T E

Somersby
Rectory, the
birthplace of
Alfred Tennyson
Ji'e page 3

.\lfn'tl '1\'III1Y
1I1I wa
horu 1111
IIIIIIay, .\I1g-I1
t lith, I BO!!, at
ol))l,\'
hy.
a ,'illagl' iu Xllrth Lillelllll
hi\'e hehn'plI IIl1rllea,.,th, alllI
pil
hy. lIi
t:tth.'r,
thl' Rt'\", D\'. (;ellrg-e Clay tOil Tellup'"II, Redo\' IIf
lIml'\'
hy, mal'ril:'lI ill I BO.;
EEzahl'th Fytel I(' , dallghtl'l' of tIll:' \ïear of LOllth, ill the
ame COUllty; alllI,
c.t' their twe1\'c chilcIrl'll, .-\.lfred wa,., thl' fOllrth.

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From a þor/rait by G. F. ll'atts, R..-/..

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ALFRED TENXYSON
Rischgit7 Collection

35

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Sö

So:nersby Brook
see pa/ie [

Tennyson's
Mother
fee pag_' 6

Somersby
Churc

see pa.r:' -t

Bag Enderby
Church
see page 6

Lou
h
st'(' pa;e -t

The Grammar
School, Louth

\l'l
J">il
t-' ï

BI( )GJL:\PIITC_A L

X()TE

Ill' ah\'a)"

poke with affel.tiollate l"l'memhrallc(, of hi
early hOl11e: of the
wOOllhille traillell rOllllll hi
lI11r
er)" willi low ; of the lHellia'\"al-lookillg- dillillg--
hall. with it,.. poillh'll ,..tailled-g-la

('a
e11Wllb; of thl' pll'a
allt tlrawillg'-I'oom,
lilled "ith hook
heln'
allli fllrlli
hed ,,-ith yellow llphol
tery, TIIP lawII ill
frollt of the hOll
I'. ,,'hel'(' he I'ompo,..ed hi
early },oem. ".\
pirit llal\lIt

the Y ear'
La
t 1l011r
," wa
m-er
h:1I10weI1 Oil olle
ide hy wy('h-elm
. Oil th('
other hy lan'h a 111 I
Yl'amOl'e tree!'.. (hI the
ol\th ,,'a,.. a path hO\1lll11'Il hy a
tlmH'r-hcll"llel'. a 111 I he)"OIlIl .. a g-ardell hower'd 1'lo
I'"
Iopillg- g-radllally to th('
fieM at the hottom of \\'hil'h rail the
oml'l',..h)" Brook
That 10\ es
To purI o't>r matted cress and ribbed sand,
Or dimplc in the dark of ru
h
cO\e.:i,
Vra\\ ing il1lo his narrow earthen urn
In e\-erV elLow and turn,
The filtered tribute of the ruugh woodland,
TIll' ,,1mI'm a 1/11 heanty of thi... hl'llllh hallllh.tl t]\(-, poet throl1
dlol\t hi.. lifl'.
allll to it he e
pl'l'iall)" Ill'llil'ate,1. .. Flm\ IIOWIl, ('oM rintll't. to the
l'a."
TellllY
OlI dilillot, hmn'n'r, attrihllte hi
f:mlOl\'" poem, .. The Bmok," to thl'

ame HlI1n'I' of ill
)liratioll. dl'darilll[ it wa
1I0t :1I1Ilre

I'11 to allY
tn'am ill
I'artil'll]ar,
T(,III1Y
OIl "W" ('xf't'ellilldy fOl'tllll<lh' ill the 1'll\'irOlIlJWllt of lli
..JlildhoOll
amI the early illtlul'lIl'e exer('i
,'d h)" hi
pal"l'llt
. I1i
mother ,,'a,.. of a ,;;"-e..t
allll g-elltle ,li
plì,
ltioll. awl d.'\"oh'll hl'r
elf elltil'ely to tl\(, wl'lfa n-' of her
hll
hallli allli hl'r I'hiMl'ell. Iler
Oll i

aid to han' takell her a
a mmlpl ill
.. 1'hl' Pl'ill('e,..
"; allll hI' I'ertailll)" g-an' a 1111))'1' or II'';;!' trllthfllllle
(,l'iptioll
of thi
.. I'enmrkahle awl
ailltlr WOlnclll" ill hi
poem" ]...ahe] " : -
Locks not wide-dispre.ld,
:\Iadonna-\\ise on either side her head;
Sweet lips whereon perpetually did re;gn
The summer caIrn of golden charity.

1'ellllp'oll'
filthel' wa.... a mall of mal'kl'd phy
i('al ,..trell
h awl
tatlll"l',
I'alled hy hi
pal'i
hiOller
.. 1'hl'
terll Dodor," ] II !H07 hI' wa,.. appoillh'll
to the li,'illp: of
ollwr
h)". awl that of the :1I1.ioillillg- ,'illal!'l' of Bal[ I<:lIIlel'hy.
awl thi... I'o
itioll hI' held nlltil hi
Ileath, OIl )]al'l'h l1ith. IB:H, at the ag-l' of
fifty-two. Ill' wa
hllriell ill thl' 0111 1'1 11111 try ('hlll'('h)'<1l'I1. \\'hen' .. ah
olllh'

tilhl('''''' rejg-II
." ],I'llI'ath the :-:h:uh' of the rllg'g'etl litt]p to\\'er, III hi:-: tillll'
thl' roof of the I'hllr.'h wa:-: I'm'en',l with that('h. a:-: we 1'(' al:-:o tho
e of thl'
I'ottag'e
ill it
illlllll'lliah' \"i('illity,
The li,'illl[';; of
omel'
"Y allli Ba
1<:III1.'I'hy wen' heM (,OIl.iOilltly. ,..etTil'e
hl'illtr (,OllllIH'ted at OlIP I'hllr('h ill the mOl'llillg' allli at the other ill the
;lftPJ'JIOOll. ])1', 1'plJl\r
1I1I read hi
R'l'mOlI
at Bag' 1<:1II1erhy fmm du' 1111:Òlt
hig-h-hllilt p"lpit.
\lfh'dli
h'lIillg- to them from the
(llliI'P'
l'OOIllY 1'1'\\',
.\t the ag'" of
en:'11 Telllly
oll wa

ellt to
dlOol at LOllth. a mal"kt:'t-tmnl
whi('h lIIay f:lirly lay ('lailll to h;l\'illg' heell a f:ll'Ìor of
OI111' illlpOl"talll'(' ill hi,..
early life. IIi,.. matl'l"lIa] g-rawllllothl'r lin'd ill "re4trah' Pla('e, hl'!' hOIl
(,
IH'illtr a "'l'l'lIIul hOllle to thl' YOIIIIg- Tellllr
oll
. Thl' old (;ramlllar
('hool
wheJ'(' .\lfrell I'('('ein,.l tlll' l'al"ly portioll of hi
elhwatillll i
110\\ 110 llllll!el' ill
e:\i4t'III'I'. T(-,1lI1Y
01l'
rel'ollt:'dioll
of it awl of the Re\". IJ. "'aite. at that
time tht:' ht:':1I1-ma
tt:'r, wt:'l"e 1I0t plt'a
allt, ., IIo\\" I did hate that
I'htlol!

Arthur Hallam
(from the bust by
Chantrey)
see palie 8

The Lady of
Shalott

Jee p{
!!{' 10

BI<)(;IL\ PIIIC_A L

x (yr J;:

:Ji

he \\Tote later. .. The ollly trOW 1 I trot from it wa.. tht' meHlory of the won I,.;
Slll//1.... tI,.....ili,,/Ili.... (f(l'f(f', allll of all 0111 wall l"on'refl \\ ith willI Wl'I"I,.; (lppo,.;itl'
the ,.;("hool \\ illllow,.;."
TI-'III1Y";OIl\. fir
t C'Olllll'('Ü'11 poem!"' were l"omll11..l'll at LOllth, awl ill thi..
tcn\"ll al..o hi.. fir,.;t Pllhli,.;hl'll work ,.a\\ the lig-ht, appl'arillg- ill a \'olllmC'
t'lItitlC'11 .. POl'm,.. hy Two B1'othl'1',..." i";,.;lIl'll ill 1 B:!7 hy
Ir. .J. .JaC'k,,;oll, a
hook..elh'r. The t\\ 0 h1'othl'l'''' Wl'n' ('hadl''' awl .\lf1'l'll TI'IIII y"oll.
.\ftl'1' a ,..C'hooll"art'er whiC'h la,..tl'll fOil I" yea I''';. .-\lfl'C'II rl'tll1'lIell to :-O;omt'1'..hy
to l"olltilllll' hi.. 4l1flil'.. 1111,11'1' hi.. filthl'1"" tllitioll. Thi.. ('lIlIr,.;e of ill,.;tl"lwtioll
\\,1'" "'lIpplC'mC'lItC'II hy ("la,....il.,.. at the hallll,.. of a Romall ('atholiC' pril''';t. a 111 I
HIII..il.-lc'''',..OIl,.; /..6n'lI him hy a tC'aC'hl'l' at II o rlll'a 4 II'.
III IB:!B ('harle',.. awl .-\lfn'll TC'III1Y""OIl follcnH'l1 their elllC'r hI'Othl'I'
FI'C'IIC'rit'k to Tl"illity ('olll,trC'. Camhritlg-l'. They hC'g-an their llllin.r..ity lift,
ill 10clg-illg-,.. at
o. 1:!, R"",l' ('n',..n'lIt. mo\"ÍlI
latC'1' to Tl"IlIIlpilll!toll :-;t1'eet,

o. .;7. ('orplI,.; Bllilllilw:,,;. Of hi,.; l'arly C':\pl'1'il'lIt'e,.; of lift' 'at ('amhritl
t',

\lt'rt'11 \\TotC' to hi
allllt: .. I am ,.;ittilll! tl\d-likt' allll ..olitary ill my room,.;
(llothillg- hl't\\"eell me awl thl' ,.;bu'.. hilt a ,.;tmtllm of tile..). The hllof of
tht' ,.;ìt't'll. the roll of till' wlll'l'1. thl' ..I 10 lit,.; of tlrllllkell (;OWII allll 1II"IIIIhl'II
TO\\"11 ('fIIlll' up from helem' \\ ith a
C'a-liht' murmllr. . . . The ('olllltry i.. ,..0
,li,..g-II,.;tillg-ly lC'n'1, thl' ren'lry of thl' plan' ,.;0 mOllotoIlOIl";, the ,.;tllllie.. of the
{"lIin'r,.;ity,.;o IIlIiIlÜ'n,,.;tillg-. :-:0 mudl matter of fa('t.
OIll' hut ,I1'y-lll'allt',I,
t'alC'lIlatillg-, allg-lIla1' little g-elltll'HWII C'all take mllC'h Ilt'litrht ill tht'm."
It \\ a,.; at Trillity ('olIe
e that Tl'III1Y:-:OII fir,..t malll' the al"fl'laillbull"l' ot
.\rthll1' lIallam. YOIIII
I',..t ..fill of thl' hi,.;tori:l1I. who:-:I-' fl'il'llIl:-:hip ,.;0 profolllltlly
illt1ul'lIt'ell the pOl't':-: l"haral'Ìl'r alltl g-l'lIill", ,. Ill' wII1I111 ha\'e IIl'l'lI klllm II if
he halllin',l." wrote Tl'IIIIY..OIl, .. a:-: a
1'l'at mall, hut 1I0t a:-: a g-rl'at poet; he
wa,.; a:-: lIear pl'rt't'dioll a.. mOl"talmall ("011111 he."
III Fehrlla1'Y lB:H Tl'llIlY"'OIl left ('amhl'illgl' withollt takillg a ,ll'gn'l'. awl
rl'turllell to :-O;oml'1'..hy. hi:-: filthe1' ,Iyillg- withill a mOllth of hi,.. arri,-al. From
thi:-: time OIlwarll lIallam hel"aml' all illtimatl' \-i:-:itor at the Rl'dory, awl
filJ"llll"l all attaC'hmellt for hi:-: fl"iewr:-: ,.;i,.;tl'r Emily. III .July lB:;:! TI-'III1Y,..11II
:tIIII llall:tlH
H'lIt tOIl1'ill.!! fill the Rhille, awl at the C'lo..e of the year appl'arell
the \"Illllme of .. Poem,.; hy .\lfre,1 Telllly,,;oll," whit'h l"olltaille'1. amollg-,..t
otht'r
. .. The Lally of :-;halott." .. The )Iilll'1""; })all
hter," .. The Palal'e
of .\rt," .. Tht, Loto.. Eater,..:' awl ".\ Dream of Fair \\'omt'II."
.. \\"l'll I reml'mhl'r thi,.; ptll'm." wrote Fit7g-l'ral,l. with rl'fl'n'w'e to .. The
L:ltly of :-O;halott," .. reall to mI-'. hl'fon' I kllt'\\- tIll' alltho1', at ('amh1'i,I
1-' 0111'
llig-ht ill 1 B:3:! 01' :30 a 1111 it,.; imatrl',.; pa..,.;illg- al"ro..,.; my heac1. a,.; al"J'()";
the
magiC' mirror, \\"hill' half a..ll'l']I Oil themail-(.oaC.ht o L o llc1oll.illthl.C.I.I.I.pilll!:
l1awlI ' that fo11owl'll."

There
he weaves hy night and d,lY
. \ magic \\ ch \\ ith colours ga).
She has heard a \\hisper sa\',
A curse is 011 her if she
ta'\.
To look do\\ n to CallJelot.
She kno\\
not what the curse may he,
And so she \\-ea\-eth steadih,
.\nd little other care hath she,
The Lad} of Shalott.
'I he illea of .. )Ia1'ialla ill the :-0;0 11th " l"aHll' to 1'l'lIl1y..OIl a,.. he \\ a,..

:JH

" Mariana in the
South ..
sæ page 13

Stockworth Mill
Jet: page q

The Palace of Art
see page II

Clevedon Church
see page q

" In Memoriam"
see pages 16, 17

The home of
Emily Sellwood,
at Horncastle

fee page 19

BI()GltAPHIC...\ L

X()TE

tran>llill{.!: hetweell
arholllll' aIllI Perpig-llall. Hallam mterpreted it to he
the" expn'
:-<ioll of Ile:-<olate 101lelille

."
Till all the crimson changed, and past
Into deep orange o'er the sea,
Low on her knees herself she cast,
Before Our Lady murmur'd she;
Complaining, .. Mother, give me grace
To help me of my weary load,"

-\nd on the liquid mirror glow'd
The clear perfection of her face.
()f tlw:-<e earlier poem:-< 1I0lle :uM,'1I mort' to Tt'lIny:-<oll\: {.!:rowing- reputatioll
thall "The :\Iiller':-< ])allg-hter." It wa:-< pl"ohahly writtell at ('amhri,lge, a III I
the poet Ilee1an'fl that the mill wa:-< 1111 partil"ular mill, or if he h,ul thou
!."ht
of any mill it wa:-< that of Trumpingtoll, lIear ('amhridg-e. But \"arinu"
tmwhe.... ill th,' poem
eem to iIlllil"ah' that tIll:' haullt:-< of hi
boyhollli were
pre:-<ellt ill hi... milIll.
:-itol"kwol"th :\1 ill \\"a:-< :-<ituah,1I ahollt two mile:-< along- tllP hank:-< of thl'
:-iomer:-<hy Brook, the poet':-< t;l\'ollrite walk, alIll mig-ht n'ry \\'ell han' ill:-<pirPII
the ...ettill/! of the
e hl'alltiful \'er:-<l':-<.

I loved the brimming wave that swam
Thro' quiet meadO\\s round the mill,
The sleepy pool aum'e the dam,
The pool beneat h it never still,
The meal-sacks on the whiten'd floor,
The dark round of the dripping wheel,
Tlw very air about the door

Iade misty with the floating meal.
III the Hllume of IB:t!, "e\"pral :-<tanza:-< of "Th(' Palal'(,
omittell, hel'allse Tl'llJIY:-<Oll thou{.!:ht the pOl'm wa
too filII.
of .-\rt,' " he wrote ill 1 m)o, "i:-< the emhllllimellt of my own
(;OIllike life i
with mall aIllI for mall."
.\1110llg-
t tlll' "mal"\'elloll:-<ly l"ompl'e

(,11 word pil'tlln':-<" of thi... poem i"
the heautiful one of Olll' illu:-<tratioll Oil pag-t' ] l.
Or in a clear-wall'd city on the sea,
X ear gilded organ-pipes, her luir
\V ound \\ ith white roses, slept St. Cecily;
An angel look'd at her,
Oll the] .'"jth of
eptem hl'r, IB:3:3,
\rth ur Hallam lIiell :-<l\Iltlelllyat Yielllm.
IIi:-< n'maill
were hroug-ht to Ellg-laIlll. aIllllail1 filially to re4 ill the oM alIll
londy l'hllrl'h he
ilh' the :-<ea at Cle\"elloll, Oll Jalluary :31'11, La:).!.
\\'hen on my bed the moonlight falls,
I kno\\- that in thy place of rest
By that broad water of the west
There comes a glory on the walls.
Telllly
on'
whole thou
ht" \\"l're ah:-<orhell ill memOl'ie
of hi
frieIllI, aIllI
ht' l'olltillually w\'llh' frag"m
lItary n'r
l'
Oil tIlt:' olle tlll'nw whil'h filll'll hi

heart. mallY of them to he I'mll1l1liell :-<,'n'lIteell year
lab>r ill the complete,l
" I II )1 t'moriam. "
In 18:10 Tl'llllY
OIl fir
t met Emily :-ipll\\"oOlI, who tWl'nty year:- late I'
hel'anll' his wi fl'. Horll,'a
tle \\'a" the llt'arl':-<t to\nl to :-iomer
hy. aIllI ill the
pil'ture:-<I]1H' 0111 market-:-<ll'larp 40011 the n'll-hril'k re:-<illelll'e of :\11,. Hellry
:-iellwooll, a ,..olil"itor. 'I'll(' YOUII{.!:
dl\\ 00l1
heillg 111I11'h of th('
ame age a,;:
the Tellny
oll:-<, a fril'IlI1
hip :-<l)\'all{.!: up hetweell the two thmilie:-<, which in later

of Art" wen

" 'The Palal'e
hdief that the

Grasby Church
Ste page 20

Lady Tennyson
st"C page 18

Chapel House,
Twickenham
see page 20

Farringford,
Tennyson's
residence at
Freshwater
see page 25

The Glade at
Famngford
see page 29

llIOC;RA PI) IC ...\J.J

x (yrE

Bn

ypar
rippllpll illtn a douhl.. matrimonial relation
hip. In lU:l(j, ('harlp

Tenlly
oll. thp popt'
dfler hrother, married Loui
a. the YOUlIg-e
t ,laughter of
IIpllry Splhnlllli. III thp IU'I'\'iou
ypar he ha.!
lll"l"eedl',1 to the e
tate allfl
li\'illg- of (;ra
hy. taking- tlw "'nrllanw of Turllpr ullfll'r hi
g-reat-unl'lp'", will.
.-\t hi
OWII expen
e he huilt the dl'aragp. the churl'h allfl thp
('hool
; allfl 011
hi
Ileath, ill lBi!l, (;ra
hy flp
I'ellfll'd to the Popt Lallrl'atl'. It wa'" at hi,.,
hrothpr'
"pfMillg- that thp hrillp' '"
i4pr, Emily, wa
takplI illto ('h url'h hy
.\lfrpfl Tplllly
on, hut IIfI plIg-ag-pmellt \\'a
rel'ng-lIi
I'fl 111-,twl'l'lI them ulltil four
or fin' ypar
latpr, allfl thpir marriagl' llilll10t takp plal'p IIlItil lB.,)O. It wa

olpmlli
ed at
hiplake ChuI"I'h 011 .fune I:Jth, the l'lergymal1 who offif'iatf',l
hpillg- thp popt'
illtimatp fril'lIfl. the Itp\". Rohert RawlI
ley.
III the '\I'ril of thp
amf-' )"l'ar. 011 the death of "'orll
worth, TI'II1IY"OIl
hall hl'l'lI otfen'fl the pOf-'t-laurpaÌl'
hip. to which po,.;t he wa
al'l'oilltefl
Oil :'\o\'emher Wth, "'\"ÍIIg- f'hil'tiy to Priw'p .-\lhert'
:lflmiratioll for .. III
:\Iemoriam. "
Lally Tplllly",on hecame the pol't'
:lfl\"i,..t'r ill literary mattpr
. .. I am
IU'01lfl of her illtdlpl'Ì." he wrote. Shp, with her" tellfler. ",piritllal naturp,"
wa,.. alway
hy hi
",illl', ('hl'l'rfll1. ('oura
pfHl
. allfl a "yml'athetif' cOUlI"dlor.
:-:lll' "hidllpfl hi" "l'lI"iti\"p
pirit from the alllloyalll'p", awl trial
of lifp awl
.. }J('r f:lÍth a" dear a
thl' hpight,.. of the .fullp-hlup hpa\'ell " hl'lppll him ill
hour" of dp}H'p",,,ioll awl
orrow.
('hapel IInu
p. Twiekl'lIham. \\'a
till' popt'" fir"t "l'ttlpd homp aftpr hi

marriag-p. amI he rp"idpfl ill it for three ypar
. It wa
here hi
" (>.Ip Oil thp
I )l'ath of the Dukp of ". d}ill
....ton " \\":J
written, allfl the hirth of hi" "on
IIallam took pla('p in thi" hou
f-' on Aug-u...t ] lth, lB.'):!.
III [B.,):l, whil
t "tayill
in the I"le of "'il!ht, Tenny"on hearfl that the
rl'
iflpHl'e ('alll'fl Farring-fonl Wa
to let at Frp
hwatpr. lIe 1l1'cillefl to take
the place fill lea"e. hut Ì\\ 0 year" latpr purl'ha",pfl it Ollt of the procppll,..
rp
nltiBg- frmll ,. .:\Ianll," whil'h wa
puhli"hpll in lB.').>, amI Farrillg-fcll"fl
rpmailwll hi
IHlnw durillg- thp g-rpater part of pal'h ypar tin' forty year", allfl
hcrp hp \\Totp "'omp of hi", hl'"t-kBowl1 work",.
.. T}Il' }IOU",..:1t F:uTillg-till"fI." "ay
:\1 r". Ri('lmHlml Ritl'hil' in her RI'(,oJ'd.'<,
c.
ppmpll like a l'harnwd I'al:we, with g-reen wall
without, allll
pl'akillg
wall
within. There hUIIg- DanÌl' \\'ith hi" "olpmn 110"1' amI \\'reath; Italy
I!leamefl (I\'pr the doon\'ay,..; fripllll
' f:H'e,.. lillpd the p;t
",al!p". hook,.. filll'fl
the "hph'p", amI a g-low of l'l"im"on \\'a" pH'rywhen'; tlw oriel flrawillg--
rool1l willliow wa
fnll of g-n'l'n allli g-oMpn lean'",. of the "'ollJlfl of hinl,.. alii 1
of thp fli",tallt "pa."
Thp g-roUllfl", of Farrillg-fonl are p\:l'pl'flillg-ly hpautiful a 1111 l'icturl',..fJue.
011 the "outh
ifle of the hOIl"p i
the
l:lfle, allfl do:;c hy
The \\a\"ing pine which here
The warrior of Caprera set.
H('ferrill
to Farringforfl ill hi,.. im'itatiun to .:\lauriCl'. Tl'II1IY"'OlJ \\'rote-
\Yhere far from noise and smoke of town
I \\ atch the twilight f.tIling hrown
All round a careless order'd garden,
Close to the ridge of a noble down.
The ricl/!"e of tIll' flown in fjue,..tion ("flll
tituted the 1'0l't'
f:lnmrite walk, alld

40

Freshwater Bay
see page 30

Freshwater
Village
see pa/:e 30

Alfred T:!nnyson
see paJ{es 22 alld 26

.. The Idylls of
the King"
set' pagrs 15. 21,
27,3 1

Aldworth
see page 33

Tennyson's Lane
see page 33

Tennyson's
Memorial,
Be:lcon Hill,
Freshwater
see page 3-t

Alfred Tennyson
(from the paint-
ing by Samuel
Laurence)
see page .=;

Alfred Tennyson
I from the paint-
ing by G, F. Watts
in U!69)
see p",!,;e 23

BI( )(; IL \PI-I I(
A T.I

X()TE

the "'I'e)lI-'rr \\"hich he l'Ill'lIullh'rl',l rllll\Hl Fl'l.:-<hwatl'r Bay l11i/!'ht wl'll ha'"t'
hl'I'1I repr(,"'l'lItell ill the IIpellillg- n.)'...l' IIf .. Elloeh A rdl'1I "

J .ong lines of cl;ff breal,ing have left a chasm;
Aud in the chasm art> foam and ) ellm
sands.
IlIlallll the rO:lIlll';1I1:-< tll the little \"illa!!l' of Fn':-<hwater, ill whi('h thl' l'rpdioll
III' a Ilnl111)(-'r IIf lIew hon:-<t.... e\"llkell frol11 the plll't thl' lilll':-< -
Yonder lies our young sea-\ illage-Art and Gr;lce are le'is and les
:

cience grow" and Be,LUty d\\ indIes-roofs of slated hideousness!
()ppll:-<ih' thl':-<l' \,illa:-< :-<tallll:-< all i'T-('la,l hou:-<e at that timl' tl(Tupied hy
:\11':-<, ,J IIlia ('al11erllll. the el'h'hratl'll ];lIly art-phlltog-rapher. hnl of who
l'
,.ffedin' portrait:-< ofTl'III1Y:-<OIl appear till pag-e:-<

allli
Ii.
111 thl' antnl1111 of lB.;!), .. Thl' ltlyl1:-< IIf thl' Killg''' \n'n' fir:-<t i:-<:-<nl'll ill thl'll'
original form, heillg' filllr ill \lI1ll1hl'r: Ellitl. \ï\'il'lI. Elaille, allli (;nilll'n'n',
a 1111 frol11 thl'ir pnhli('atioll nlltil thl' l'III1 of 1'l'III1Y:-<Oll'''' lifl' hi,.. f:ulle a 111 1
popnlarity ('Olltilllll'll withont a ('heek. l)nrillg- the lIext few Yl'ar
tIlt. poet
:-<pl'lIt mu('h tinw ill tr;l\'ellill.!!. hnt ill 1BliB he laitl the ftllll Hlat i 01l-:-<t 0 Ill' d' a
IlI'W l'l':-<illelll'e, WI 111 I'd
\ldworth, ahllut two mile... from lIa:-<ll'ml'rl', whieh
hl'('al1w hi" "l'l'1I1111 hClllll' -

You came, and look'd and 1m'ed the \"ie\\
Long-known and lo\"ed by me,
Green Susse:\. [Iding into blut>,
\\ith one grey glimpse of sea.
Oil the \\"ay from lIa:-<lt'l11l're to .\ldworth. it i:-< lI('(,l':-<,..;I1T to 1'\'0:-<:-< a ron!!h
eOl11mOIl l'O\'erell \\'ith whill 111):-<he:-< to reaeh the 101lg' \\'illllillg- lalle \\"hi('h \\ a,..
1I:II1wIl Telllly:-<oll'
Lalle, Thi:-< wa:-< the poet'
f:l\'onritl' walk \\"hl'lI li\'illg ill
till' Ill'ig-hhourhood.
Telllly
oll dil.d 011 Thllr:-<Ilay. ()doher (ith, Iml
. a 1111 wa... hnriell ill the
Poet:-<' ('orller, \\'l':-<Ìmill:-<Ìer .\hhey, Ilext to Rohert Brllwllillg-, allli Ileal' the
Chaw'l'r mOlluml'lIt.
\!!aill:-<t the pilla)' ('lo:-<e hy th,' g-ran' ha:-< heell plac'e,l
\\'oohll'r'
well-kllowlI bll:-<t. Th.. I1UIIllllllellt l'rl'dl'd to the memory of the
plwt 011 Beaeoll Hill. 1l1'ar Fl'l.:-<hwater. wa:-< ull\'l'iled hy tlll' Dl'all of
\rl'"tmill:-<ter Oil .\ng-n:-<t (ith, 1mli",
\\ïth rl'!!arll to thl' portrait:-< of Tl'lIl1y:-<oll reprOlll1l'ed ill thl':-<e pa !!e,.. ,
Jll'rhap:-< tho",e of ('hief illtere,..t ill adllitioll tll thl' ('aml-'roll photog'ral'h:-< alre;uly
rl'fl'rn'd to an' the pailltill!!"; hy :-:al11nl'l Laurl'lll'e. eXl'l'lItl'd ahollt ]B:
B. allli
the thrl'e-I!lJarÌl')' ll'lIg-th hy (;. F. \,. att:-<. \111\\' ill tIll' p",..,....,..:-<iOIl of Lady
I It'llry
ol11er...,.t. ()f the forllll'r Fitz!!t'raltl wrote:
.. \'I'ry illlperfl'l't a:-: Lalll'l'u(,l"'" portrait i
. it i:-< 1l1"'('rthele
:-< the 'w",1
paiutl'd portrait I han' !"epu; allli I't.rtaillly the (J/I
II oue of old day:-<.
, Bluhhl'r-lipt' 1]'('lIIelllhpr OW'I' _\lfl'l'd I'alll'd it; :-<0 it i...; hilt :-<till thl' ollly
0111' of oM day". awl :-<till the hl'4 of all, to lilY thillkiug-."
Thl' "'atb portrait, at'l"OI'(liug' to
Ir. \"att:-<-Ihllltou, pO"'''I'...
e,.. .. a ('('rtaill
11rl'al11illl''''
whit"h
1Ig-
'I'",b.. thl' pOl'tit" g-la III 0 III' of lIlooIl1ig-ht." Thc :-:alllc
\\Titt'r a......et!t..; that" whill' 1II11...t f:II'I'''' g'aill hy thl' arti4ie halo whi('h a paillÌl.r
of !!l'uill'" alway... ",hl'll", "'-er hi", work, thel'l' arl' :-<Ollll' fl'w, ,.;Ollle \"l'ry fl'W f:lI't....
that 110 uot, a 1111 of the...;1' Lorel l\'uuy...II1I'" i,.. thl' IHO...t 1I0tahll' that I han'
1'\'1'1' :-<1'1'11 al1UIII!! 1111'11 of p:rl'at n'w 1\\'11 , "

AN EXPOSITION OF DANTE'S INFERNO

7/6

EXILES OF

NET.

ETERNITY

7/6

NET.

PREFIXED BY A LIFE OF DANTE

By

REV. J. S. CARROLL, M.A.

[here may :-;eem to be some apology nece:-;sary for adding
to the \"ast yolume of Dante literature. It i:-; true that
there is no lack of Essays on i
ohlted points, general
I ntroductions and detailed Commentarie:-ì ; but of simple
and popular Exposition, of the COllllllcdia, canto by
canto, there exists \"ery little in our language. To
present such an exposition, bringing out the general
bearing and scope of Dante's ethical teaching, i:-ì the
chief purpose of this volume.
Iere niceties and in-
genuities of interpretation haye been avoided as far as
possible. It is the author's belief that Dante's symbolisGl
is not really so ob:-ìcure and intricate as it appears to
a beginner, and that once the clue is gained, it leads
to the broad high\\"ay of universal morality. His
aim is to remo\"e the impression of arbitrariness
\\"hich Dante's punishments leave on many minds,
by showing that in the main they are, in material,
\"isible and symbolic forms, the natural and inevitable
moral and spiritual issues of the \"arious sins.
In this exposition constant reference is made to the
\uitings of Dante's great ethical authorities, Aristotle
and Thomas Aquinas; but above all Dante is regarded
as his O\\"n best interpreter.

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